Electromagnetic waves



A wave




a simple wave


  Figure caption

Changing wavelength in em waves


  Figure caption








EM waves





  Electric Field


  Figure caption

  Light is an EM-wave


  Figure caption




Spectrum






The spectrum is the distribution of energy as function of frequency (or wavelength).






  Names of frequency intervals


  Figure caption

  Solar spectrum


  Figure caption




Black Body spectrum






  Three black body spectra


  Other examples of Black body spectra (Credit: wikipedia)
  Figure caption

  The Sun is almost a black body


  Figure caption




Atom (Bohr's model)





  Electrons can only be
  in "special" orbits


  Figure caption

  Bohr's model


  Figure caption

  Bohr's model applet


  Figure caption






Read more about Bohr's model at wikipedia.





The spectral lines: the individual signature of each chemical element





  Examples of emission lines spectra


  Figure caption

All known emission lines spectra
(website in italian, credit: Stefano Rossini)

  





Impact on stellar spectrum: absorption and emission lines





  Schematic spectra of stars


  Figure caption

  Example of a typical stellar spectrum
  (from the Sloan digital sky survey)


  Figure caption
  More examples of stellar spectra of
  various types (Credit: D. Silva)

See examples of galaxy spectra from the
Sloan digital sky survey


(get spectra by clicking on Object ID in the exercise 7)





Doppler effect





  Stationary and moving
  wave sources


  Figure caption

  The siren on a firefighters truck


  Figure caption
  

  Redshift


  Figure caption
  




Velocity Profiles of stars in galaxies





  A Galactic Spectrum
  and a Stellar Template


  Figure caption

  The Gaussian function


  Figure caption
  

  Stellar Velocity Distributions


  Figure caption
  






background photo: Comet McNaught above Santiago,
copyright Stéphane Guisard, http://www.astrosurf.com/sguisard

other pictures of the McNaught comet at: http://www.eso.org/outreach/press-rel/pr-2007/phot-05-07.html